Disaster management encompasses all such activities that enable various agencies to plan for, quickly respond to and to recover from unexpected events and situations.
Disaster Management Plan
Disaster Management Plan
Disaster Management Plan in the power sector is a tool to provide necessary guidelines to organisations engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electrical power for ensuring safety of people, protection of environment, protection of installations and restoration of power supply. It is intended to establish policies, procedures and organisational structure for response to emergencies that are of a magnitude to cause a significant disruption of the functioning of all or a portion of the power distribution area.The first step in planning for disaster management involves assessing which areas are prone to which kinds of natural or man-made disasters.
Disaster Zoning for Natural Calamities
Disaster zoning refers to identifying the areas having similar parameters on the average. Suitable margins and factor of safety are considered in the design of structures to sustain the severity according to the zone characteristics. However, the intensity, suddenness and extent of any natural calamity are beyond any perfect assessment and have to be effectively managed in the event of its occurrence.
A. Zoning for Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur due to movements along faults that have evolved through geological and tectonic processes. The extent of the impact of an earthquake depends on its magnitude, location and time of occurrence.Geological Survey of India and India Meteorological Department monitor the earthquake hazards of the country. A macro-level map has been prepared, which divides the country into five zones of various probable maximum intensities on an increasing scale. Zone-I includes that part of the country where seismic risk is minimum and Zone-V covers that portion of the country where seismic risk is the highest. The Bureau of IndianStandards has published a code namely, IS: 1893 for the earthquake resistance designs of various structures including structures for power plants. Power supply installations are either located to avoid high seismic zones or designed as per BIS codes. All the buildings and other infrastructures must be designed as per these codes, keeping in view the suitable design margins and factor of safety.
B. Flood Plain Zoning
The basic concept of flood plain zoning is to regulate land use in the flood plains in order to restrict damage by floods, which are likely to occur from time to time. The flood plain zoning as such aims at determining the locations and the extent of areas likely to be affected by floods of different magnitudes / frequency and to develop these areas in such a fashion that the resulting damage is reduced to a minimum. The Central Water Commission has carried out the flood plain zoning in some of the river basins in the country.
As per the concept of flood plain zoning, the flood plain has been classified into three categories: Prohibitive zone, Restricted zone and Warning zone.For the purpose of regulating land use in different flood zones, different types of buildings and utility services have been grouped under three priorities as given below:
Disaster Zoning for Natural Calamities
Disaster zoning refers to identifying the areas having similar parameters on the average. Suitable margins and factor of safety are considered in the design of structures to sustain the severity according to the zone characteristics. However, the intensity, suddenness and extent of any natural calamity are beyond any perfect assessment and have to be effectively managed in the event of its occurrence.
A. Zoning for Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur due to movements along faults that have evolved through geological and tectonic processes. The extent of the impact of an earthquake depends on its magnitude, location and time of occurrence.Geological Survey of India and India Meteorological Department monitor the earthquake hazards of the country. A macro-level map has been prepared, which divides the country into five zones of various probable maximum intensities on an increasing scale. Zone-I includes that part of the country where seismic risk is minimum and Zone-V covers that portion of the country where seismic risk is the highest. The Bureau of IndianStandards has published a code namely, IS: 1893 for the earthquake resistance designs of various structures including structures for power plants. Power supply installations are either located to avoid high seismic zones or designed as per BIS codes. All the buildings and other infrastructures must be designed as per these codes, keeping in view the suitable design margins and factor of safety.
B. Flood Plain Zoning
The basic concept of flood plain zoning is to regulate land use in the flood plains in order to restrict damage by floods, which are likely to occur from time to time. The flood plain zoning as such aims at determining the locations and the extent of areas likely to be affected by floods of different magnitudes / frequency and to develop these areas in such a fashion that the resulting damage is reduced to a minimum. The Central Water Commission has carried out the flood plain zoning in some of the river basins in the country.
As per the concept of flood plain zoning, the flood plain has been classified into three categories: Prohibitive zone, Restricted zone and Warning zone.For the purpose of regulating land use in different flood zones, different types of buildings and utility services have been grouped under three priorities as given below:
• Priority-1: Defence installations, industries, and public utilities like hospitals, electrical installations, water supply, telephone exchange,aerodromes, railway stations; commercial centres, etc., PROHIBITIVE
• Priority-2: Public institutions, Govt. offices, Universities, Public Libraries and Residential Areas. RESTRICTIVE
• Priority-3: Parks and Playgrounds.
• Priority-2: Public institutions, Govt. offices, Universities, Public Libraries and Residential Areas. RESTRICTIVE
• Priority-3: Parks and Playgrounds.
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| Classification of Flood Plains |
As per this zoning, no power project should be located within the flood zone corresponding to a 100 years frequency or the maximum observed flood level. The foundation level of power plants is kept at least 1.0 m above the maximum observed flood level or flood level of 100-year frequency to avoid any damage due to floods.
Objectives and Scope of the Disaster Management Plan
The objectives of the Disaster Management Plan should be to:
• improve the state of preparedness to meet any contingency;
• reduce the response time in organizing assistance;
• identify major resources (human, material and equipment) needed to make the plan operational; and
• make optimum use of the combined resources.
Scope of the Plan
The Disaster Management Plan should spell out the roles and responsibilities of departments, teams units and personnel during emergency situations. It should address several specific types of emergencies on an individual basis, providing guidelines for the stabilization and recovery from the incident.These include emergency instructions and references in a concise format for the individuals designated to manage the resources.It should encompass the preparation, response and recovery of utility personnel and resources for emergency situations. It should facilitate inter- agency coordination between responding agencies. The main thrust of the plan should be to make the utility employees familiar with the various kinds of emergencies and disasters which can affect the power sector and the action plan to tackle them.
The basic emergency procedures are designed to protect lives and property through effective use of the available resources both of the utility and the community. Since an emergency may be sudden and without warning, these procedures should be designed to be flexible in order to accommodate contingencies of various types and magnitudes.The plan should be made for three levels and types of emergencies:
•LEVEL 1 − MINOR INCIDENT: A minor incident is defined as a local event with limited impact, which does not affect the overall functional capability of the organisation. Planning response is carried out at a limited local level (e.g. in a building/zone/grid). The Disaster Management Plan would not be activated at this level.
LEVEL 2 − EMERGENCY: An emergency is defined as a serious event that significantly disrupts one or more operations of the utility. In this multiple locations/area are involved: the Disaster Management Plan would be activated to the extent necessary.
LEVEL 3 − DISASTER
Objectives and Scope of the Disaster Management Plan
The objectives of the Disaster Management Plan should be to:
• improve the state of preparedness to meet any contingency;
• reduce the response time in organizing assistance;
• identify major resources (human, material and equipment) needed to make the plan operational; and
• make optimum use of the combined resources.
Scope of the Plan
The Disaster Management Plan should spell out the roles and responsibilities of departments, teams units and personnel during emergency situations. It should address several specific types of emergencies on an individual basis, providing guidelines for the stabilization and recovery from the incident.These include emergency instructions and references in a concise format for the individuals designated to manage the resources.It should encompass the preparation, response and recovery of utility personnel and resources for emergency situations. It should facilitate inter- agency coordination between responding agencies. The main thrust of the plan should be to make the utility employees familiar with the various kinds of emergencies and disasters which can affect the power sector and the action plan to tackle them.
The basic emergency procedures are designed to protect lives and property through effective use of the available resources both of the utility and the community. Since an emergency may be sudden and without warning, these procedures should be designed to be flexible in order to accommodate contingencies of various types and magnitudes.The plan should be made for three levels and types of emergencies:
•LEVEL 1 − MINOR INCIDENT: A minor incident is defined as a local event with limited impact, which does not affect the overall functional capability of the organisation. Planning response is carried out at a limited local level (e.g. in a building/zone/grid). The Disaster Management Plan would not be activated at this level.
LEVEL 2 − EMERGENCY: An emergency is defined as a serious event that significantly disrupts one or more operations of the utility. In this multiple locations/area are involved: the Disaster Management Plan would be activated to the extent necessary.
LEVEL 3 − DISASTER
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| Three Levels of Emergencies |
A well-defined and comprehensive Disaster Management Plan should typically involve the following three types of response elements:
• Operational response − to get the disruption under control as quickly as possible so that normal operation is resumed.
• Management response − to allocate resources and make critical decisions needed to resolve the situation.
• Communication response − to communicate with employees, their families, officials, other agencies and media.
The plan should facilitate the setting up of an appropriate system for disaster management in the utility.
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