You will agree that the projects that are conceived and implemented with proper planning, monitoring, and control have greater probability of success in achieving the basic objective of controlling costs, time over-runs, as well as fulfilling the project objectives.A project is a mission to be implemented within the constraints of
• Time,
• Quality,
• Cost, and
• Environment.
Therefore, the basic objective of project planning and management is to achieve this mission within the given constraints by managing and optimizing the available resources.
Some planning tools in use are: Bar chart / Gantt chart, Pert network,S -Curve.
The tools used for project management are
• MS-Project
• Primavera Project Planner (P3)
• Primavera Enterprise
• Sure-Trek
We discuss one of the project management tools (MS-Project) to give you an overview. However, the implementation agency is expected to use its wisdom to select the tool that suits it most in the given work environment, skill development and competency building requirements. It should also be in line with the corporate focus of the organisation in being in pace with the modern techniques within given limitations of the existing system and reform drive.
• Time,
• Quality,
• Cost, and
• Environment.
Therefore, the basic objective of project planning and management is to achieve this mission within the given constraints by managing and optimizing the available resources.
Some planning tools in use are: Bar chart / Gantt chart, Pert network,S -Curve.
The tools used for project management are
• MS-Project
• Primavera Project Planner (P3)
• Primavera Enterprise
• Sure-Trek
We discuss one of the project management tools (MS-Project) to give you an overview. However, the implementation agency is expected to use its wisdom to select the tool that suits it most in the given work environment, skill development and competency building requirements. It should also be in line with the corporate focus of the organisation in being in pace with the modern techniques within given limitations of the existing system and reform drive.
Some Practical Tips to Create a New Project on MS-Project
I. GENERAL
A project schedule includes a list of the tasks or activities and the time required to perform the activity (or the duration of each task). Microsoft Project uses tasks, durations, and other information, such as dates and deadlines, to build a schedule and give a realistic model of the project.
II For Scheduling:
• Initiate a new schedule.
• Enter tasks, milestones, and durations so that Microsoft Project can calculate schedule dates.
• Organize the project by outlining tasks, so that it can display and work with phases of the schedule.
• Create a project calendar so that Microsoft Project can schedule tasks based on working hours.
CREATING A NEW SCHEDULE
•The first step in creating a schedule is opening a new file. For this,first open MS Project software.
I. GENERAL
A project schedule includes a list of the tasks or activities and the time required to perform the activity (or the duration of each task). Microsoft Project uses tasks, durations, and other information, such as dates and deadlines, to build a schedule and give a realistic model of the project.
II For Scheduling:
• Initiate a new schedule.
• Enter tasks, milestones, and durations so that Microsoft Project can calculate schedule dates.
• Organize the project by outlining tasks, so that it can display and work with phases of the schedule.
• Create a project calendar so that Microsoft Project can schedule tasks based on working hours.
CREATING A NEW SCHEDULE
•The first step in creating a schedule is opening a new file. For this,first open MS Project software.
Use commands: Start > Programs > Microsoft Project (OR) Click MS Project icon if available on the desktop screen
•If possible, set file properties to give author name, Project Title,
Subject, etc. Use commands: File > Properties and fill the required data
•Next step is to designate a project start date or finish date, as well as other general project information. For most projects, it is most effective to schedule a project from a start date and let Microsoft Project determine the finish date based on the tasks,durations, dates, and other information entered. If we do not enter a project start date or finish date, Microsoft Project automatically uses the current date as the start date.
•If possible, set file properties to give author name, Project Title,
Subject, etc. Use commands: File > Properties and fill the required data
•Next step is to designate a project start date or finish date, as well as other general project information. For most projects, it is most effective to schedule a project from a start date and let Microsoft Project determine the finish date based on the tasks,durations, dates, and other information entered. If we do not enter a project start date or finish date, Microsoft Project automatically uses the current date as the start date.
Use commands:Project > Project Information Then open the calendar in Project Information menu, select the desired month and date there.
•Working time: Default working time of MS Project is 5 days in a week; if required, it can be made 7 days a week also.
•Working time: Default working time of MS Project is 5 days in a week; if required, it can be made 7 days a week also.
Use commands: Tools > Change Working time
•If working time has been selected 7 days in a week, then we have to change the number of hours in a week to 56 hours in place of default 40 hours.
Use commands: Tools > Options > Calendar Then change: Week starts on, Hours per week (= 56) and Days per Month (= 30 or 31 days)
III.ENTERING A TASK
We can quickly create a tasks list for our schedule by entering tasks in the Gantt chart view. A typical project consists of a series of related tasks. For entering the task:
Write task description in Task Name column (OR) Double click the Task Name to open Task Information dialogue box and then press General tab. Then fill the desired information about the task.
IV.ENTERING TASK DURATION
Microsoft Project assigns default duration of one day (1d). You can change the duration as necessary after entering all the tasks. We can assign durations to tasks using minutes, hours, days, or weeks also.Before entering the task duration, it is always better to decide unit of task duration before entering it.
Use commands: Tools > Options > Schedule and change the option Duration is entered in.Duration for Summary task is not required to be filled up. MS Project calculates it from its sub-task.
V.CHANGING A TASK TO A MILESTONE
A milestone is simply a task with zero duration (0d) that we use toidentify significant events in schedule. When we enter duration of zero days for a task, Microsoft Project displays the milestone symbol on the Gantt bar chart at the start of that day.
VI.TO ADJUST THE TIMESCALE
Default Timescale of Major scale is week and Minor scale is days. This type of scale is useful when project duration is of only 5-6 weeks duration. When project duration is of more than 3 months and less than one year, it is better to select major scale as month and minor scale as week. If the project is of more than a year, it is always preferable to select major scale as year and minor scale as month and this will enable us to print Gantt chart on an A4 size sheet.
Use commands: Format > Timescale (OR)Double click the time scale rows which is always located on the top right side of the Gantt chart view and then change Unit , Level, Align options in Major scale and in Minor scale area.
If the whole Gantt chart is not previewed in one A4 size sheet, adjust Percentage in Size of General option in Timescale menu.
VII. DELETING A TASK
With Microsoft Project, we can easily delete one or more tasks not needed. If we delete a summary task, all of its subtasks are deleted too. After we delete a task, Microsoft Project automatically renumbers the tasks in the Gantt table. We can restore a deleted task immediately after deleting it by clicking the Undo button on the Standard tool bar.
VIII.OUTLINE THE SCHEDULE
When we outline the task in a project schedule, we organize it so we can see the structure of the project, making the schedule easier to manage. With outlining, we can:
• Arrange tasks in a hierarchical structure so we can see how subtasks fit within broader groups of tasks called summary tasks.
• Identify the major phases of the project with summary tasks.
• Use either a top-down (enter summary tasks first) or bottom-up (enter subtasks first) approach to building the schedule.
• Display only the summary tasks for the project.
• Create reports that include subtasks, summary tasks, or both.
For outlining, we use Outdent (left arrow) or Indent (right arrows) whichare located in the left side of MS Project main menu.
IX. OUTLINING TASKS (OUTDENTING AND INDENTING)
Using outlining, we can create up to 10 indented levels of tasks in task list. We move a task to a lower level by indenting (using right arrow) or by demoting it. We create a summary task by demoting the task directly following it (in the order of task ID umbers). We can move a task to a higher level by outdenting (using left arrow) or promoting it, unless it is already at the highest level, i.e., extreme left.
X.SORTING TASKS IN SCHEDULE
With Microsoft Project, we can sort and move tasks (Cut and Paste Options) to rearrange the schedule. When we move a summary task, its subtasks move with it. We can sort the schedule in many ways like by Start date, By Finish Date, by Priority, by Cost or by ID, etc.
•If working time has been selected 7 days in a week, then we have to change the number of hours in a week to 56 hours in place of default 40 hours.
Use commands: Tools > Options > Calendar Then change: Week starts on, Hours per week (= 56) and Days per Month (= 30 or 31 days)
III.ENTERING A TASK
We can quickly create a tasks list for our schedule by entering tasks in the Gantt chart view. A typical project consists of a series of related tasks. For entering the task:
Write task description in Task Name column (OR) Double click the Task Name to open Task Information dialogue box and then press General tab. Then fill the desired information about the task.
IV.ENTERING TASK DURATION
Microsoft Project assigns default duration of one day (1d). You can change the duration as necessary after entering all the tasks. We can assign durations to tasks using minutes, hours, days, or weeks also.Before entering the task duration, it is always better to decide unit of task duration before entering it.
Use commands: Tools > Options > Schedule and change the option Duration is entered in.Duration for Summary task is not required to be filled up. MS Project calculates it from its sub-task.
V.CHANGING A TASK TO A MILESTONE
A milestone is simply a task with zero duration (0d) that we use toidentify significant events in schedule. When we enter duration of zero days for a task, Microsoft Project displays the milestone symbol on the Gantt bar chart at the start of that day.
VI.TO ADJUST THE TIMESCALE
Default Timescale of Major scale is week and Minor scale is days. This type of scale is useful when project duration is of only 5-6 weeks duration. When project duration is of more than 3 months and less than one year, it is better to select major scale as month and minor scale as week. If the project is of more than a year, it is always preferable to select major scale as year and minor scale as month and this will enable us to print Gantt chart on an A4 size sheet.
Use commands: Format > Timescale (OR)Double click the time scale rows which is always located on the top right side of the Gantt chart view and then change Unit , Level, Align options in Major scale and in Minor scale area.
If the whole Gantt chart is not previewed in one A4 size sheet, adjust Percentage in Size of General option in Timescale menu.
VII. DELETING A TASK
With Microsoft Project, we can easily delete one or more tasks not needed. If we delete a summary task, all of its subtasks are deleted too. After we delete a task, Microsoft Project automatically renumbers the tasks in the Gantt table. We can restore a deleted task immediately after deleting it by clicking the Undo button on the Standard tool bar.
VIII.OUTLINE THE SCHEDULE
When we outline the task in a project schedule, we organize it so we can see the structure of the project, making the schedule easier to manage. With outlining, we can:
• Arrange tasks in a hierarchical structure so we can see how subtasks fit within broader groups of tasks called summary tasks.
• Identify the major phases of the project with summary tasks.
• Use either a top-down (enter summary tasks first) or bottom-up (enter subtasks first) approach to building the schedule.
• Display only the summary tasks for the project.
• Create reports that include subtasks, summary tasks, or both.
For outlining, we use Outdent (left arrow) or Indent (right arrows) whichare located in the left side of MS Project main menu.
IX. OUTLINING TASKS (OUTDENTING AND INDENTING)
Using outlining, we can create up to 10 indented levels of tasks in task list. We move a task to a lower level by indenting (using right arrow) or by demoting it. We create a summary task by demoting the task directly following it (in the order of task ID umbers). We can move a task to a higher level by outdenting (using left arrow) or promoting it, unless it is already at the highest level, i.e., extreme left.
X.SORTING TASKS IN SCHEDULE
With Microsoft Project, we can sort and move tasks (Cut and Paste Options) to rearrange the schedule. When we move a summary task, its subtasks move with it. We can sort the schedule in many ways like by Start date, By Finish Date, by Priority, by Cost or by ID, etc.
Use commands: Project > Sort > by Start Date
XI.FILTERING TASKS IN SCHEDULE
With Microsoft Project, we can filter the tasks to view a specific/desired portion of the project. We can filter the schedule in many ways like Filtered for: All Tasks, Completed Task, Critical, Date Range,Milestones, Summary Task, etc.
Use commands: Project > Filtered For: > All Task (OR) Summary Task
XII.TO DISPLAY WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
When we outline a schedule, Microsoft Project automatically assigns an outline number to each task. These outline numbers are used as the default Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) codes, and are updated automatically when we change the schedule outline. We can use the outline numbers as WBS codes. To display WBS in the schedule, first create a column to the left side of Task Name column
Use commands:
• Select the heading of Task Name
• Click Insert > Column > select WBS from Field name > OK
XIII.SCHEDULING TASKS
With the four different task relationships available in Microsoft Project,we can easily link tasks in our schedule to reflect or model the way our project really works. By linking tasks, we can quickly see how changes in the start, finish and duration of a task affect other tasks to which that task is related.To create a workable schedule, we should know how to:
XIV. CHANGING A TASK RELATIONSHIP
XI.FILTERING TASKS IN SCHEDULE
With Microsoft Project, we can filter the tasks to view a specific/desired portion of the project. We can filter the schedule in many ways like Filtered for: All Tasks, Completed Task, Critical, Date Range,Milestones, Summary Task, etc.
Use commands: Project > Filtered For: > All Task (OR) Summary Task
XII.TO DISPLAY WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
When we outline a schedule, Microsoft Project automatically assigns an outline number to each task. These outline numbers are used as the default Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) codes, and are updated automatically when we change the schedule outline. We can use the outline numbers as WBS codes. To display WBS in the schedule, first create a column to the left side of Task Name column
Use commands:
• Select the heading of Task Name
• Click Insert > Column > select WBS from Field name > OK
XIII.SCHEDULING TASKS
With the four different task relationships available in Microsoft Project,we can easily link tasks in our schedule to reflect or model the way our project really works. By linking tasks, we can quickly see how changes in the start, finish and duration of a task affect other tasks to which that task is related.To create a workable schedule, we should know how to:
XIV. CHANGING A TASK RELATIONSHIP
• Link tasks to assign relationships.
• Overlap or delay related tasks.
• Start or finish tasks on a specific date.
A simple finish-to-start relationship does not work in every situation.Microsoft Project provides additional types of task relationships so we can model our project realistically. For example, when two tasks need to start at the same time, we can create a start-to-start relationship.When tasks need to finish at the same time, we can use a finish-to- finish relationship.
Every task in a network schedule must have its predecessor and successor task except start point task and last point task, i.e., end task. Every task in the schedule is linked with other tasks by:
• Finish to Start (FS),
• Start to Start (SS),
• Finish to Finish (FF),
• Start to Finish (SF).
It is to be noted that Start to Finish relationship is rarely used for developing the network schedule. For linking a task, either we use Predecessor column which is right side of the Finish column (OR) we can open Predecessor / Successor Window. It is always easier to enter relationship in Predecessor / Successor Window. For opening the Predecessor / Successor Window:
• Overlap or delay related tasks.
• Start or finish tasks on a specific date.
A simple finish-to-start relationship does not work in every situation.Microsoft Project provides additional types of task relationships so we can model our project realistically. For example, when two tasks need to start at the same time, we can create a start-to-start relationship.When tasks need to finish at the same time, we can use a finish-to- finish relationship.
Every task in a network schedule must have its predecessor and successor task except start point task and last point task, i.e., end task. Every task in the schedule is linked with other tasks by:
• Finish to Start (FS),
• Start to Start (SS),
• Finish to Finish (FF),
• Start to Finish (SF).
It is to be noted that Start to Finish relationship is rarely used for developing the network schedule. For linking a task, either we use Predecessor column which is right side of the Finish column (OR) we can open Predecessor / Successor Window. It is always easier to enter relationship in Predecessor / Successor Window. For opening the Predecessor / Successor Window:
Use commands: Window > Split
A Resource and Predecessors windows will appear below the screen. Click anywhere in the opened window and then
Use commands: Format > Details > then click Predecessors /Successors
A Predecessors / Successors window will appear below the screen. It is wise to save the file at this stage to avoid the repeated action for use in future.
XV.STRATEGIES FOR SHORTENING THE SCHEDULE
After analysing the schedule, we may want to decrease the time in which our tasks are occurring, because either the current schedule costs too much or it does not enable us to meet the project deadline.We can reduce the duration of the project in several ways.The method or methods we choose depend on the limitations imposed on the project as a whole. Some of the methods we can use to shorten our schedule are:
XVI.ADDING LEAD OR LAG TIME TO TASKS
• Change task relationships to allow more tasks to overlap or occur at the same time, rather than strictly sequentially.
• Increase the available working time by changing the project calendar.
• Reduce the scope of our project by combining or reducing the number of tasks.
• Reduce the scope of a task by decreasing the task’s duration.
One way to shorten the critical path in our schedule is to analyze all tasks with finish-to-finish relationships to see if we can overlap them,so that tasks can be worked on at the same time as much as possible.With Microsoft Project we can use lead time to make the start of a task begin before the finish of its predecessor. We can also use lag time to delay the start of a successor task.
XVII.DECREASING THE TASK DURATION
After analyzing the schedule and determining that it needs to be shortened, we may need to reduce the scope of some tasks to shorten their duration in the schedule. Decreasing the duration of tasks on the critical path can make the finish date of the schedule occur sooner. If we do not have resources assigned to a task, we can simply type a lesser value in the Duration field for the task.
XVIII. REPORTING
To manage a project effectively, we need to communicate project information to a variety of people. With Microsoft Project, we can print specific project information that meets the needs of a particular person or group, including: For example, Overview information, such as a summary report.
Use commands: View > Reports > Overview > Select > Project Summary > Select
There are so many pre-formatted reports in MS Project that can be used for reporting purpose.
XIX.PROJECT TITLE AND PRINTING OF SCHEDULE
If the project view that we see on the screen meets our communication needs, we can print it. Or, we can print a variety of information in one of the predefined report formats provided with the Microsoft Project.Microsoft Project comes with more than twenty predefined views and reports.The key tasks we need to accomplish before printing a view or report are:
Selecting the Print Preview option and Clicking Page Setup Review Page option, adjust Margin, give name of the project in Header, and give page numbering in Footer option and give file name in Legend option.
XX.TRACKING THE PROGRESS OF PROJECT
Creating a schedule is only the first step in successfully managing a project. With Microsoft Project, we can also monitor the progress of our project. Tracking progress has several benefits. We can:
• Identify and solve problems as they occur.
• Produce status reports for management.
• Maintain historical data to help us plan future projects more accurately.
When we compare the current schedule to the baseline plan on a regular basis, we can identify discrepancies between planned progress and current progress, known as variances. Finding variances early will allow us to adjust schedule problems before they become critical.
XXI.TO SET A BASELINE PLAN
A baseline plan provides a basis for the comparison of costs, work, and scheduled dates as we track the progress of our project. By comparing the information in our base-line plan to current information,we can monitor the progress of our project to ensure that tasks are on schedule, resources are completing their work in the time allocated, and costs are not exceeding our budget. When we establish a baseline plan, Microsoft Project saves the information in our project in the fields for baseline date work, and cost. For example, when we set a baseline plan, Microsoft Project copies the information from the start and finish fields into the baseline start and baseline finish fields
Use commands: Tools > Tracking > Save Baseline
XXII.THE DATA REQUIRED FOR PROJECT TO BE UPDATED
After we create a schedule and establish a baseline plan, we can update our schedule as frequently as we want to monitor our progress.To update the schedule, we evaluate the status of each task and update the appropriate information in our schedule. We can track any information included in our baseline plan, either minimally or in detail.Minimal tracking − If we only want to track the start and finish dates of each task, we can compare actual start and finish dates with the baseline start and finish dates. Data required are:
• Percent progress of activities with its actual Start date (OR) Remaining duration of activities with its likely Finish date
• Actual Start date and Actual Finish date of 100% completed activities (Optional).
XXIII. DETERMINING IF PROJECT IS ON TRACK
When we set a baseline plan and then update the schedule, we can compare the baseline plan to our actual progress to identify variances.Here are some variations we should look for when comparing our updated schedule to the baseline plan:
• Tasks that are not starting or finishing on time.
• Tasks that are not progressing at their expected rate.
• Tasks that require more or less work than scheduled.
• Tasks that are under or over budget.
Using a baseline plan, we can also identify variances by comparing baseline costs to scheduled costs as the project progresses. Scheduled costs reflect the latest cost picture as the project progresses.When we find variances in our schedule, we can adjust our schedule in many ways to accommodate the differences between our original estimates and the real progress. For example, we can:
• Adjust task relationships.
• Reassign additional resource hours.
• Increase resource availability.
• Delete or combine some tasks.
• Adjust our budget.
• Increase task duration.
• Extend deadlines.
XXIV. DETERMINING IF TASKS ARE STARTING AND FINISHING ON TIME
To keep the project on schedule, the task should start and finish on time as far as possible. There will be tasks which do not start on time should be identified to adjust task relationships.
You may like to follow these step-by-step instructions to develop a project/ scheme using this tool.
We give below a typical example of a scheme for a feeder, which is an indication of the benefits of voltage regulation and the use of capacitors. In this manner, a distribution network operator can contribute to the health of the system.
Reduction in Energy Consumption: Example of Nagaral Feeder
A Resource and Predecessors windows will appear below the screen. Click anywhere in the opened window and then
Use commands: Format > Details > then click Predecessors /Successors
A Predecessors / Successors window will appear below the screen. It is wise to save the file at this stage to avoid the repeated action for use in future.
XV.STRATEGIES FOR SHORTENING THE SCHEDULE
After analysing the schedule, we may want to decrease the time in which our tasks are occurring, because either the current schedule costs too much or it does not enable us to meet the project deadline.We can reduce the duration of the project in several ways.The method or methods we choose depend on the limitations imposed on the project as a whole. Some of the methods we can use to shorten our schedule are:
XVI.ADDING LEAD OR LAG TIME TO TASKS
• Change task relationships to allow more tasks to overlap or occur at the same time, rather than strictly sequentially.
• Increase the available working time by changing the project calendar.
• Reduce the scope of our project by combining or reducing the number of tasks.
• Reduce the scope of a task by decreasing the task’s duration.
One way to shorten the critical path in our schedule is to analyze all tasks with finish-to-finish relationships to see if we can overlap them,so that tasks can be worked on at the same time as much as possible.With Microsoft Project we can use lead time to make the start of a task begin before the finish of its predecessor. We can also use lag time to delay the start of a successor task.
XVII.DECREASING THE TASK DURATION
After analyzing the schedule and determining that it needs to be shortened, we may need to reduce the scope of some tasks to shorten their duration in the schedule. Decreasing the duration of tasks on the critical path can make the finish date of the schedule occur sooner. If we do not have resources assigned to a task, we can simply type a lesser value in the Duration field for the task.
XVIII. REPORTING
To manage a project effectively, we need to communicate project information to a variety of people. With Microsoft Project, we can print specific project information that meets the needs of a particular person or group, including: For example, Overview information, such as a summary report.
Use commands: View > Reports > Overview > Select > Project Summary > Select
There are so many pre-formatted reports in MS Project that can be used for reporting purpose.
XIX.PROJECT TITLE AND PRINTING OF SCHEDULE
If the project view that we see on the screen meets our communication needs, we can print it. Or, we can print a variety of information in one of the predefined report formats provided with the Microsoft Project.Microsoft Project comes with more than twenty predefined views and reports.The key tasks we need to accomplish before printing a view or report are:
Selecting the Print Preview option and Clicking Page Setup Review Page option, adjust Margin, give name of the project in Header, and give page numbering in Footer option and give file name in Legend option.
XX.TRACKING THE PROGRESS OF PROJECT
Creating a schedule is only the first step in successfully managing a project. With Microsoft Project, we can also monitor the progress of our project. Tracking progress has several benefits. We can:
• Identify and solve problems as they occur.
• Produce status reports for management.
• Maintain historical data to help us plan future projects more accurately.
When we compare the current schedule to the baseline plan on a regular basis, we can identify discrepancies between planned progress and current progress, known as variances. Finding variances early will allow us to adjust schedule problems before they become critical.
XXI.TO SET A BASELINE PLAN
A baseline plan provides a basis for the comparison of costs, work, and scheduled dates as we track the progress of our project. By comparing the information in our base-line plan to current information,we can monitor the progress of our project to ensure that tasks are on schedule, resources are completing their work in the time allocated, and costs are not exceeding our budget. When we establish a baseline plan, Microsoft Project saves the information in our project in the fields for baseline date work, and cost. For example, when we set a baseline plan, Microsoft Project copies the information from the start and finish fields into the baseline start and baseline finish fields
Use commands: Tools > Tracking > Save Baseline
XXII.THE DATA REQUIRED FOR PROJECT TO BE UPDATED
After we create a schedule and establish a baseline plan, we can update our schedule as frequently as we want to monitor our progress.To update the schedule, we evaluate the status of each task and update the appropriate information in our schedule. We can track any information included in our baseline plan, either minimally or in detail.Minimal tracking − If we only want to track the start and finish dates of each task, we can compare actual start and finish dates with the baseline start and finish dates. Data required are:
• Percent progress of activities with its actual Start date (OR) Remaining duration of activities with its likely Finish date
• Actual Start date and Actual Finish date of 100% completed activities (Optional).
XXIII. DETERMINING IF PROJECT IS ON TRACK
When we set a baseline plan and then update the schedule, we can compare the baseline plan to our actual progress to identify variances.Here are some variations we should look for when comparing our updated schedule to the baseline plan:
• Tasks that are not starting or finishing on time.
• Tasks that are not progressing at their expected rate.
• Tasks that require more or less work than scheduled.
• Tasks that are under or over budget.
Using a baseline plan, we can also identify variances by comparing baseline costs to scheduled costs as the project progresses. Scheduled costs reflect the latest cost picture as the project progresses.When we find variances in our schedule, we can adjust our schedule in many ways to accommodate the differences between our original estimates and the real progress. For example, we can:
• Adjust task relationships.
• Reassign additional resource hours.
• Increase resource availability.
• Delete or combine some tasks.
• Adjust our budget.
• Increase task duration.
• Extend deadlines.
XXIV. DETERMINING IF TASKS ARE STARTING AND FINISHING ON TIME
To keep the project on schedule, the task should start and finish on time as far as possible. There will be tasks which do not start on time should be identified to adjust task relationships.
You may like to follow these step-by-step instructions to develop a project/ scheme using this tool.
We give below a typical example of a scheme for a feeder, which is an indication of the benefits of voltage regulation and the use of capacitors. In this manner, a distribution network operator can contribute to the health of the system.
Reduction in Energy Consumption: Example of Nagaral Feeder
The case study indicates that electricity is invisible but the visible benefits are immense that need to be harnessed by best practices in the project and mission mode.
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